The book was carried in order to examine how oil governance influence socio-economic wellbeing of communities in the Albertine Graben; Uganda. Ideally, community policies responsible for promoting oil governance reforms have generally tended to place a stronger emphasis on the accountability rather than the capacity-strengthening aspects of the oil governance agenda (Humphreys, Sachs and Stiglitz, 2007). In addition, according to HOCADEO report, (2012), on the baseline study on the current trends of oil exploration and social-economic implications of the emerging oil and gas industry on the livelihood security of the local communities in the Albertine region focus mainly should be on land ownership, employment, business opportunities, markets and access to health services. However, current reports on the socio-economic wellbeing of communities in the Abertine Graben region indicates that business opportunities from oil and gas exploration activities in the Albertine Graben, local communities have not yet benefited as indicted in HOCADEO report, (2021), whereby 70% of the study respondents believed oil and gas exploration has not yet benefited local communities.