As we enter the 21st century, globalisation and sustainable development are two terms that have been gaining more attention. However, this does not mean that they are new. But as the wave of globalisation prevail; there have been different opinions as far as growth and development are concerned. A need for growth and development that is sustainable is more apparent than before. Indeed, one of the most asked questions is whether people from rural communities like Makete district in Tanzania have something to celebrate? Whether sustainable development is concomitant with the recent wave of globalisation. In this book an attempt is made to show the situation of rural healthcare delivery in Tanzania. Moreover, to show how investment in human capital through better healthcare provision is an important aspect of sustainable development. Investment in human capital through better healthcare provision and education improves not only peoples livelihood but also it is one of the core stones of sustainable development. The authors main argument is that sustainable development is achievable under the advent of globalisation. However, this is possible if peoples well-being will be given a special priority. Thus, the major concern of sustainable development for poor country like Tanzania is poverty. Therefore, improving the health status of poor people is imperative, if our aim is to achieve growth and development that is sustainable. Under the global economy investors seek not only qualified labour force but also healthy labour force. Within this context, it is worthwhile to argue that improving the health status of poor people parallel with increasing opportunities for education will help poor communities to profit from the global economy.