Since neural-immune interaction was recognized as a discipline in the late 1970s, there has been mushrooming growth in this field of research. This book covers the major areas of interest and current research in the biology of neuroimmunomodulation: The brain and the immune system communicate with each other by sharing signal molecules and receptor mechanisms. The topics of research devoted to the interaction between the two systems can essentially be itemized as follows: 1. How the brain modulates the immunity by controlling the endocrine system and the innervations on the immunological organs. 2. How the immune system signals the brain and thereby modulates the activities of the neural and endocrine systems. 3. How and to what extent these bidirectional interactions contribute to the physiology and pathology of the organisms. In this book these interactions are analyzed at all levels. Consequently, research in this field incorporates a variety of disciplines including neurophysiology, endocrinology, immunology, anatomy, biochemistry, pharmacology and clinical medicine. The rate of advancement has also been greatly accelerated by newly refined modern substances working in neural, endocrine and immune tissues.